The Crusades Seen as a Whole Had Primarily Negative Consequences for Europe

The Crusades referred to the series of military campaigns that Western European Christians carried out in order to palliate the Holy Land from Muslim control. From 1096 to the late 13th century, these religious wars were waged against both internal and external opponents of Christianity. The Crusades, however, at last became any (form of) military effort by Europeans against non-Christians (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ). Under the guise of militant Christianity, it was used as a means of European expansion (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ).Most of the effects of the Crusades in Europe proved to be very detrimental. For one, the world power of the Papacy was increased. Crusaders who were either preparing for battle or returning home from combat gave vast tracts of land to the popish Catholic Church in exchange for prayers and pious benedictions (Middle-Ages. org. uk, n. pag. ). Consequently, the pope abruptly became more affluent and powerful than most monarchies during this period. This sudden in crease in wealth, in turn, allowed him to institute both spiritual and secular conquest over the royalty (Infoplease, n. pag. ).It is no longer surp revolt, therefore, if the Popes during the Crusades were always involved in power struggles and disputes with several European monarchs. Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I and King Henry II of England were embroiled in a squabble with Pope Alexander III. Despite strong opposition from Emperor Otto IV and Emperor Frederick II, Pope Innocent II declared himself as the virtual ruler of the West. The quarrels between the Popes and the monarchs in this period became so frequent that it ultimately became the basis for a papacys clout (Infoplease, n. pag. ).Another negative consequence of the Crusades in Europe was the senseless murder of non-Christian peoples both inside and outside the continent. The Crusaders decision to attack Constantinople, for instance, was motivated by the need to pay off their debt to Venice. The payment of the Crusaders to the Doge Enrico Donalo 86,000 marks ended up short of 34,000 marks. To compensate for the wanting amount, he convinced them to assault Constantinople. Donalo had a hidden agenda Constantinople was the main obstacle to prevent Venice from rising to dominate the trade of the Mediterranean Sea (Roman-Empire. net, n. pag. ).The Crusaders invaded Constatinople on April 13, 1204. They stripped Orthodox churches of their mosaics, vestments, religious scriptures and altar pieces. Thousands of stark civilians were also killed. Moreover, Venice was able to occupy Greece shortly afterwards (Cooke, n. pag. ). The Roman Catholic Church used the Crusades at bottom Europe to increase its membership and dominion. The Crusaders in the Baltic, for instance, were infamous for seizing the lands of Orthodox Christians in Russia and other move of Eastern Europe.One of the Crusaders organizations in the Baltic, the Teutonic Knights, violently slaughtered pagan tribes such as the Letts, the Balt s and the Livs. The Archbishop of Riga urged Pope clement V in 1308 to put an end to the carnage, to no avail (Ekelund, Tollison, Hebert, Anderson and Davidson, 147). In Spain, paramilitary orders such as the Belchite and the Monreal sequestered lands for the nobles and the Roman Catholic Church. These groups were able to carry out their operations under the guise of (opening) a new route to Jerusalem along the North African coast (France, 145).But the truth was that they were merely pawns in the desire of the Roman Catholic Church and the nobles to acquire more land. Religion was used to get by with injustice. It would be fair to say, therefore, that the Crusades was one of the darkest chapters of human history. The original teachings of the Roman Catholic Church charity, forgiveness, compassion were falsify to suit secular and military interests. Consequently, other religions were violated and their followers killed. Religion became a means of enriching a selected few.Works C ited Cooke, Nicholas A. The Sack of Constantinople. 2000. St. Michael the Archangel Church. 14 November 2008 . Crusades. 2008. MSN Encarta. 9 December 2008 . Effects of the Crusades. n. d. Middle-Ages. org. uk. 9 December 2008 . Ekelund, Robert Burton, Robert D. Tollison, Robert F. Hebert, Gary M. Anderson, and Audrey B. Davidson.Sacred Trust The knightly Church as an Economic Firm. New York Oxford University Press, 1996. France, John. The Crusades and the Expansion of Catholic Christendom, 1000-1714. New York Routledge, 2005. In the Middle Ages. 2008. Infoplease. 9 December 2008 . The Sack of Constantinople The Conquest of Constantinople by the Crusaders in AD 1203/1204. n. d. Roman-Empire. net. 9 December 2008 .

Comparing Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King on Unjust Laws Essay

In to daylights society, it is often indecipherable where to draw the line between effective morals and effective government. It is for this reason that many measures, laws that argon enacted for the good of the people can be in direct conflict with a persons conscience. collect to the various struggles that the United States has faced in building a government, this topic has been a popular backchat throughout American literature. Although they did not live during the same time, American writers Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther tabby, Jr. ach wrote about how a person should not follow laws that they believe to be immoral.Thoreaus main c formerlyrn pertained to the legal public of slaves and slave-owners, and a century later, King spoke out against legal segregation in the South. In his garner from Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther King, Jr. shares the same attitude with Henry David Thoreaus work, Civil Disobedience concerning just and unjust laws however, they apiece had d ifferent means of executing their beliefs. Both men agree that if a law is unjust, it is ones duty to break that law, and do instead what they believe to be right.Thoreau considers that when unjust laws exist, a person has cardinal choices of action obey them, obey them while working to change them, or transgress them at once. He proposes, It is not a mans dutyto devote himself to the eradication ofeven the most massive wrong but it is his duty, at least, to wash his hands of it, andnot to give it practically his support. (Thoreau 4). Thoreau also ponders whether it is break away to decide what is right and wrong by ones own conscience. He declares, It is not plummy to cultivate a respect for the law, so much as for the right.The only obligation which I hold in a right to assume, is to do at any time what I think right. (Thoreau 1). King, who was a costly clergyman, places ones moral obligations under the eyes of God. He defines a just law as a man-made code that squares wit h thelaw of God. (King 177). King and Thoreau believe that the act of going against the law should be done in a static manner. King explains, Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such(prenominal)(prenominal) a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is laboured to confront the issue. (175).These writers also coincide that once someone has broken a law, he or she must be willing to accept the consequences, including the possible penalty of imprisonment. In fact, both men spent time in prison for their acts of civil disobedience. Thoreau was sent to jail after six years of refusing to pay his taxes, due(p) to his opposition to both the Mexican-American War and slavery in America. King was sent to jail for leading several(prenominal) peaceful protests, including a boycott. However, King was imprisoned for much longer than Thoreau, who only spent one day in prison, but was unwillingly bailed out by his aunt.In fact, it was fr om jail that King wrote his letter, in an private road to defend his actions in Birmingham, which he believed to be completely necessary and justifiable actions of protest. Both Thoreau and King snarl that by going to prison, and dealing with the consequences of their actions, they were solidifying and therefore strengthening their protests. Thoreau and King were also of the same hear that a law must be respected regardless of whether it is just or unjust. King fears that insubordination will result if laws are not respected Thoreau describes that rebellion will be the consequence if laws are not given respect.King declares, An individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is unjust, and willingly accepts the penalty by staying in jail in order to arouse the conscience of the community over its injustice, is in truth expressing the very highest respect for the law. (King 179). King states his position as one that disagrees with a law, and therefore goes against it in a n fret to change it with respect to the government. Both writers agree that getting rid of the government is not the goal, but quite to change its ways.Thoreau articulates, to speak practically and as a citizenI ask for, not at once no government, but at once a better government. Let every man trifle known what kind of government would command his respect, and that will be one step toward obtaining it. (Thoreau 1). Exercising passive resistance is the basis of the title of Thoreaus work, and King presents several examples of civil disobedience in his letter, such as the Boston Tea Party. King himself not only exercises passive resistance, but he provides the action to be followed for any nonviolent campaign.With the exception of Kings added religious beliefs, Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King, Jr. overlap the same ideas concerning civil disobedience and the ways in which one should deal with just and unjust laws, although they exhibit their viewpoints in different wa ys. Both of these writers believed that any law that was in conflict with a persons conscience should be respected, but still challenged in a passive manner. To prove this belief, both Thoreau and King practiced it themselves.

Biography & Song

All people somewhat the world has blessed with various talents and gifts. I would give tongue to that I am one of them and that most individuals exchangeable medicament. Everywhere you go, you can see people around who are fond in listening to music may it be noisy for others or not but for them it is a music that soothes their beings. I am a recording engineer who dearly loves music. Music is my passion and this is how I can express my heartings whether am happy or sad. Music is an expression of ones emotion.Every line of the song tells a boloney and its rhythm and melody has meanings that foretold the joy and sadness of the composer. My interest in music motivates me to study in this sphere of influence at an early age of 13. It is a lifestyle that I live on and music uplifts my soul. I also love touching others lives through the music I make. I powerfully believe that music has big role to play in communicating with contrasting kinds of people from different walks of life . Moreover, I also write songs. I love writing songs because they make me happy.Songs that relate to what I feel at the moment. It is my tool to tell other people that life is beautiful in spite of the form and trials each one has gone through. Furthermore, I grew up in Montenegro Bay, Jamaica and Bronx New York and these made me exposed to different kinds of music from different kinds of people and help me appreciate it more. I recently reside at Orlando, Florida to suffice full sail so I can understand music more. With these experiences and passion, I can say that I deserve to win in this contest.

Hewlett Packard Case #2

2. What do you think of the way the team set come to the fore to find a grocery store for the Kittyhawk? What correct turns and what wrong turns did they make? When vista out to find a market for Kittyhawk, in that respect were several correct and incorrect decisions that the DMD division make that greatly affected their harvest-time and its future effectiveness. They initially went about it the right way by researching the electronics assiduity and the several companies within the industry that might want their new intersection point. They also spent time analyzing HPs future crossing plans and how they aligned with that of Kittyhawks.They looked into businesses where their innovative and disruptive product may remove a greater essential and be better able to quickly incorporate their product, such as the mobile and gaming markets. The DMD division made the mistake of not waiting for the market to develop before mass producing their product. Existing customers tend to be h esitant when moving away from products that they permit already invested in and move towards a disruptive technology. legion(predicate) customers may not even have the resources or capabilities to use HPs new product.DMD should have given time for customers to become aware of their innovative product before jumping to conclusions of future demand trends. One way to initially see how customers would react to Kittyhawk would have been to do beta and end user testing before establishing a permanent market. Also, the company hired a market research starchy specializing in high-tech markets to help them segment the market, but since Kittyhawk was so innovative, the research was almost useless because thither were no reliable leads or demands from customers.At the Computer Electronics Show, HP did not capitalize on the immediate market need set forth by Nintendo, who wanted their product for $50. This went against DMDs original purpose of the catch which was to create a cheap, small disk drive, which was exactly what Nintendo wanted. Instead, they chose to go into the PDA market, which was stated to have technical foul issues and an uncertain future. This was an unnecessary risk taken by HP.At the show, they bypassed the desktop and notebook computer sections, which were established markets that could have taken advantage of Kittyhawk. Although searching for a new hill to establish their market is a goodish idea to get a first-mover advantage, there are high demand risks when focusing solely on unproven markets. Instead of focusing on such unproven markets, DMD should have created their product so it could be variable enough to adjust to different consumer needs, which would attract a much wider market.DMD made the mistake of setting forth goals for Kittyhawk before assessing the market. These goals were not only unreasonable, but they created a lot of pressure on the engineer staff. They set forth a strict deadline of introducing the Kittyhawk in 12 months a nd breaking even in profit in 36 months. Although this is a good idea to motivate your engineers to beat the competition and achieve a first-mover advantage, the engineers instead sacrificed aspects of the product that were critical to its success and were part of the original goal.In order to lower the price of the product as much as possible to satisfy customers, they sacrificed some of the promised capabilities that set the product apart from the competition. Although there is definitely an innovation and price tradeoff, when HP refused to sell Kittyhawk for less than $130, it was a clear indication of how they had travel so far away from their original goal of creating a visionary product and were mainly concentrate on just creating profits.

Policy Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Policy Paper - Essay ExampleIn Texas, biennial old Riley Ann died on the spot when she was supposedly flung to the other side of the room during an obedience training seance with her mom and stepfather. (Callebs, S., 2007) According to the mother, the toddler was having difficulty saying please and yes, sir. Obviously, this situation has gone beyond reasonable. Riley Anns parents were sent to jail for parricide.In Montreal, Quebec, a 9-year old autistic boy was found lifeless in his classroom on April 17, 2008 due to suffocation from a therapeutic blanket wrapped around his enquiry by his teacher as a penalization for being disruptive. (Glocwood, R., 2009)Corporal punishment for children is non a new thing. It has been practiced even before civilization as we know it. Since ancient times, corporal punishment on children has been recorded in literature, art and science. (Ten Bensel, Rheinberger, Radbill, 1997) In ancient Rome, corporal punishment was seen as some(prenominal) nec essary and virtuous Most of the ancient philosophers and law-makers were in favour of flogging children, not provided as a means of inducing them to conduct themselves well and tell the truth, but also an serve to education itself (Scott, G.R., 1951). Even now some people even refer to the Bible which contains phrases such as Proverbs 2313 that talk about disciplining children Withhold not correction from the child for it thou beatest him with the rod, he shall not die.According to early Christian sources, childrens obedience was a necessary element of family life. Didache 4-9 and Barnabas 19-5 warned parents not to withhold corporal punishment from son or daughter but to teach didaxeis them the fear of idol from their youth (neotetos). (Horn, C. and Martens, J., 2009)For decades the right to punish or discipline children as families saw fit was considered a maternal privilege. (Marotz, L., 2009) Different forms of punishment have

Getting Back to Basics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

getting Back to Basics - Essay ExampleProper attention to the personnel function helps improve the energy of the labor force and the level of organizational performance. For instance, when planning a change ( attribute improvements) the theater director should consider the type of resources necessary for each activity, equipment or skill groups. The tasks of the managers are to select resources and systems used in quality control. Also, the manager whitethorn consider not just the skill types necessary but particular individuals (Cope, 2000).All systems (machines, procedures, processes, equipment, communications) calculate upon managerial decisions. For instance, if quality management has some constraints, the activities need to be assessed so that additional resources can be used on the project to reduce poor quality. It is important not to overestimate their efficiency. A manager may not have time to check everything others do, so there is an element of risk here. merely pre requisites are the ability to hold the objectives clearly in mind regardless of the setbacks that the quality management may encounter and, above all, a consistent optimism about the outcome of the project and the teams ability to succeed.The case of Canbide illustrates that quality management cannot be effectively implemented without good managers and their control.

Short essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

miserable - Essay ExampleThese countries portray in their necessitates a lot around their festivals and ceremonies (Pickowicz 8). This tells us how festive these countries atomic number 18. Chinese films alike order of battle the heroic struggle of the Chinese soldiers who reached their destination in the 1930s after the foresightful march. An example of this is the Chinese movie named The Long March. The way Chinese films are made tells us that China has a strong film industry with talented actors. Russian films, like Faust by black lovage Sokurov, talk more about battles and wars, and portray the Russian history. Arabian films have their own special portrayal of beauty and culture. Arabian films, like The Only Way Out by director Haifaa Mainsour, talk about domestic problems of Arabian people. However, the way Arabian films are made registers that this country lacks a formal film industry, which is surely due to the conditions of Islam. Moreover, if we talk about German f ilms, most of them portray the humorous nature of the Germans which they are famous for. German comedy movies, like Miss Congeniality 2 - Armed and Fabulous and The Edukators, show the sense of humor Germans possess.Talking about Hollywood as anformer(a) good example, films of USA show that a female is more like a sex symbol (Hollinger 281). Females are considered as the weaker and fog gender. Films like Fatal Attraction released in 1987 show that the real place of women is at home. Hollywood movies also talk about racism, which shows that the society of USA is affected by the harmful aspect of racism. Films, like ram down by Paul Haggis portray the issues of race and gender. Crash revolves around characters of different races falling into each other and realizing at the end that racial discrimination should be ended. Hollywood films are also famous for their action-adventure and calamity movies like 2012. 2012 is a final action-adventure and a thrilled journey of human